Diffusion pumps

Diffusion pumps are essential devices used to create ultra-high vacuums by removing gas molecules from a vacuum chamber. They operate on the principle of using a high-speed jet of vaporized fluid, usually oil, to capture gas molecules and direct them out of the chamber. The pump consists of a boiler that heats the fluid to produce vapor, which is directed through a series of nozzles or jets. The vapor collides with the gas molecules inside the vacuum chamber, imparting momentum and pushing them toward the exhaust port. This continuous process results in a deep vacuum, often necessary in scientific research, semiconductor manufacturing, and electron microscopy, where precise control over the environment is required.